A high-risk pregnancy is one that threatens the health or life of the mother or her fetus. The risk may be the age of the mother or complex medical conditions that she may develop during her pregnancy or the ones that she may already have like blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight, HIV, etc.

Some pregnancies become high risk as they progress, while some women are at increased risk for complications even before they get pregnant for a variety of reasons. High-risk pregnancies require management by a specialist to help ensure the best outcome for the mother and baby. The doctor consults the conditions and helps the parents to plan the correct preventive method or treatments for the well-being of the baby and the mother.

Pregnancy care consists of prenatal and postpartum healthcare for expectant mothers covering all the common and important problems that occur during pregnancy, labour, delivery and the postpartum period.

It involves tests, treatments and training to ensure a healthy pregnancy and the well-being of the mother and child.

The risks or conditions that were pre-existing or the ones that had developed during the pregnancy profoundly influence the health of a mother.

Thus, Improving the well-being of mothers, infants, and children is a fundamental health goal. 

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It may also involve the removal of the ovaries, cervix and fallopian tubes.

Usually performed by a gynaecologist, a hysterectomy may be total or partial.

The most common reasons for having a hysterectomy include:
- Heavy periods – can be caused by fibroids.

- Pelvic pain – which may be caused by endometriosis, unsuccessfully treated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), adenomyosis or fibroids. Prolapse of the uterus.

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Laparoscopy is a type of surgical procedure that doesn’t require large incisions, hence it is called keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery.

This is performed using an instrument called the laparoscope, which is basically a small tube with a light source and a camera. Small instruments are used to conduct the surgery, while the area is pumped with gas to make space.

This way is more advantageous and has very fewer chances of complications. Advantages include faster recovery time, less bleeding post-op and minor scars. Complications that could occur include minor bleeding, nausea, or infection.

Hysteroscopic surgery is performed to inspect the uterine cavity accessing through the cervix in order to diagnose and treat the causes of abnormal bleeding. It is done with the help of a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that is inserted into the vagina to examine the cervix and inside of the uterus.

A hysteroscopic surgery can be used to: investigate symptoms or problems – such as heavy periods, unusual vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, pelvic pain, repeated miscarriages or difficulty getting pregnant. 

Infertility treatment is medical care or treatment for those women or couples who are not to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year or more. The reason may be infertility in men, women or both. However, there are various treatments and medications available to boost the chances of conceiving.

These may be,

- Surgery: If the cause is a varicocele (widening of the veins in the scrotum) or a blockage in the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm.
- Use of Antibiotics: To treat infections in the reproductive organs.Treatment with medications and counselling to treat problems with erections or ejaculation.
- Hormone treatments: if the problem is a low or high level of certain hormones.